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Nolosheenna, waxaan inta badan isticmaalnaa alaabooyin kala duwan oo elegtaroonig ah, sida mobilada, kumbuyuutarrada, TV-yada, iwm; laakiin, ma ogtahay in qalabkani koronto uu ka kooban yahay kumannaan qalab oo elegtaroonig ah, balse waanu iska indhatiray jiritaankooda. Aynu eegno qaybaha elegtarooniga ah ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo ee ka kooban qalabkan elegtarooniga ah, ka dibna aynu ka samayno 10 ka ugu sareeya qaybahan elegtarooniga ah ee inta badan la isticmaalo.

Qaybaha kala duwan ee elegtarooniga ah ee telefoonnada gacanta
1. Qaybaha elegtarooniga ah ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo
Marka hore, aynu eegno waxa ay yihiin qaybaha elektarooniga ah ee inta badan la isticmaalo. Guud ahaan, qaybaha elektarooniga ah ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo waa: capacitors, resistors, inductors, potentiometers, diodes, transistor, tube electron, relays, transformers, connectors, qaybaha kala duwan ee xasaasiga ah, resonators, filtarrada, furayaasha, iwm.
2. 10ka heer ee ugu sareeya ee qaybaha elektiroonigga ah ee inta badan la isticmaalo
Marka xigta, waxaan sii wadeynaa inaan eegno 10ka ugu sarreeya ee qaybaha elektaroonigga ah ee inta badan la isticmaalo si aan u aragno qaybta noqon karta madaxa.
No. 10: Transformer. Mabda'a shaqada ee beddelka (Magaca Ingiriisiga: Transformer) waa aalad adeegsata mabda'a soo-saarka korantada si loo beddelo korantada AC. Waxay door ka ciyaartaa kor u qaadida iyo hoos u dhigista danabyada qalabka korantada, waxayna sidoo kale leedahay hawlo ay ka mid yihiin is-waafajinta iswaafajinta iyo go'doominta badbaadada.

No. 9: Sensor. Dareem (magaca Ingiriisi: transducer/sensor) waa qalab lagu ogaan karo oo dareemi kara macluumaadka la cabbirayo, oo u beddeli kara macluumaadka la dareemay calaamadaha korantada ama noocyada kale ee loo baahan yahay ee soo saarista macluumaadka iyadoo loo eegayo sharciyo gaar ah si loo daboolo gudbinta macluumaadka, habaynta, kaydinta. , soo bandhigida, duubista iyo shuruudaha xakamaynta. Si loo helo macluumaadka adduunka dibadda, dadku waa inay adeegsadaan xubnaha dareenka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xubnaha dareenka ee dadku aad ayay uga fog yihiin daraasadda dhacdooyinka dabiiciga ah iyo sharciyada iyo hawlaha wax soo saarka. Si loola qabsado xaaladdan, dareemayaasha ayaa loo baahan yahay. Sidaa darteed, waxa la odhan karaa Dareemuhu waa kordhinta xubnaha dareenka ee bini aadamka, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno dareenka shanta korantada.

No. 8: Tuubada saamaynta goobta. Saamaynta goobta (magaca Ingiriisida: Field Effect Transistor soo gaabinta (FET)), magaca buuxa ee transistor saamaynta goobta, waa qalab semiconductor ah kaas oo isticmaala saamaynta goobta korantada ee loop-ga kontoroolka si loo xakameeyo wax soo saarka wareegga hadda, waxaana loo magacaabay ka dib. waa. Tuubbada saamaynta berrinka waa in loo adeegsadaa xoojinta, iska caabbinta isbeddelka, isticmaalka habboon ee isha joogtada ah, beddelka elektaroonigga ah, impedance sare, oo aad ugu habboon isbeddelka impedance.

No. 7: Transistor. Transistor-ku waa aalad semiconductor ah oo gacanta ku haysa hadda oo kor u qaadi karta hadda. Shaqadeedu waa inay ku xoojiso calaamada daciifka ah ee signalka korantada oo leh qiime weyn oo weyn; Waxa kale oo loo istcimaalaa sidii beddelka xidhiidh la'aanta si loo xakameeyo wareegyada elektarooniga ah ee kala duwan.

No. 6: Varactor diode. Varactor Diodes (magaca Ingiriisi: Varactor Diodes), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan "Variable Reactance Diodes", waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo sifada ah in awoodda isgoysyada ay ku kala duwan tahay danab codsatay marka isgoyska pN uu ka noqdo eex. Waxa loo istcimaalaa hagaajinta soo noqnoqoshada sare, isgaadhsiinta iyo wareegyada kale. Loo isticmaalo sidii capacitor doorsoome. . Loo isticmaalo wareegyada soo noqnoqoshada sare ee toosinta, habaynta soo noqnoqda, iyo sinnaanta, tusaale ahaan, kapacitor doorsoome oo ku jira wareegga hagaajinta ee telefishinka.

Varactor diode
No. 5: Induction. Inductance waa hanti leh wareeg xiran iyo tiro jireed. Marka gariiraddu dhaafto kan hadda jira, goob birlabeed ah ayaa lagu kicinayaa gariiradda, goobta magnetic-ka ee la kiciyay ayaa dhalin doonta hadda la kiciyay si ay uga hortagto socodka hadda socda ee gariiradda; inductor (magaca Ingiriisi: Inductor) waa qayb inductance ah oo ka samaysan sifooyinka inductance. Marka aysan jirin wax hadda socda oo loo marayo inductor, waxay isku dayi doontaa inay xannibto qulqulka qulqulka marka wareegga uu shido; haddii inductor-ku uu ku jiro xaalad hadda jirta, waxa ay isku dayi doontaa in ay ilaaliso wakhtiga marka wareeggu dansan yahay. Inductors waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan chokes, reactors, iyo reactors firfircoon.

No. 4: Zener diode. Zener diode (magaca Ingiriisi Zener diode) waa isticmaalka pn junction dib u jabinta gobolka, hadda waxaa lagu bedeli karaa kala duwanaansho weyn halka korantadu ay asal ahaan tahay dhacdo isku mid ah, oo ka samaysan diode leh saameyn xasilinta danab. Diode-kani waa qalab semiconductor leh oo leh iska caabin sare ilaa korantada burburka ee muhiimka ah. Halkaa marka ay marayso burburka muhiimka ah, iska caabinta rogaal celiska ah ayaa loo dhimay qiimo aad u yar, iyo korodhka hadda ee gobolkan iska caabinta hooseeya. Danabku waa mid joogto ah, iyo diode Zener waxaa loo qaybiyaa iyadoo loo eegayo korantada burburka. Sifadan awgeed, Zener diode waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa sidii nidaamiye danab ama qaybta tixraaca korantada. Zener diodes waxaa lagu xiri karaa si isdaba joog ah si loogu isticmaalo danab sare, iyo koronto deggan oo sarreeya ayaa lagu heli karaa iyada oo la isku xirayo si taxane ah.

Zener diode
No. 3: Crystal diode. Crystal diode (magaca Ingiriisi: crystaldiode) Qalab ku yaal labada daraf ee semiconductor ee aaladda elektiroonigga ah ee adag. Tilmaamaha ugu muhiimsan ee qalabkani waa sifooyinkooda aan tooska ahayn ee hadda-voltage. Tan iyo markaas, iyada oo la horumarinayo qalabka semiconductor iyo farsamada habka, iyada oo la adeegsanayo qalabyada semiconductor ee kala duwan, qaybinta doping, iyo qaababka joomatari, noocyo kala duwan oo crystals ah oo leh qaabab kala duwan oo kala duwan iyo shaqooyin kala duwan iyo adeegsi ayaa la sameeyay. Qalabka wax soo saarka waxaa ka mid ah germanium, silicon iyo semiconductors. Diodes Crystal waxa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu dhaliyo, la xakameeyo, la helo, wax ka beddelo, la kordhiyo calaamadaha, iyo samaynta beddelka tamarta. Diodes Crystal waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa qalabka elektiroonigga ah, laakiin waxa kaliya oo ay geli karaan kaalinta saddexaad ee liiska qaybaha elektaroonigga ah ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo.

Crystal diode
No. 2: Capacitors. Capacitors waxaa badanaa loo soo gaabiyaa capacitors (magaca Ingiriisi: capacitor). Capacitor, sida magacaba ka muuqata, waa 'kontaynar koronto lagu hayo', qalab xajiya kharash koronto. Capacitors waa mid ka mid ah qaybaha elektiroonigga ah ee loogu isticmaalka badan yahay qalabka elektaroonigga ah. Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa wareegyada sida xannibaadda, isku-xidhka, leexinta, shaandhaynta, hagaajinta wareegyada, beddelka tamarta, iyo xakamaynta.
Capacitors waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa qalabka elektarooniga ah, laakiin kaliya waxaa lagu heli karaa kaalinta labaad ee liiska qaybaha elektarooniga ah inta badan la isticmaalo. Hadda waxaa la gaaray waqtigii mucjisada la arki lahaa.
No. 1: iska caabin Resistors (magaca Ingiriisi: Resistor) waxaa guud ahaan si toos ah loogu yeeraa iska caabiyeyaasha nolol maalmeedka. Waa curiye xaddidaya hadda. Resistor waxa ay saamayn hor istaagi ku leedahay hadda Waxay xaddidi kartaa hadda iyada oo loo marayo laanta ku xiran, iyo hadda waxaa lagu hagaajin karaa caabbinta caabbinta, si loo hubiyo in qaybaha kala duwan ee qalabka elektaroonigga ah ay si deggan ugu shaqeeyaan hadda la qiimeeyo. , Inkasta oo doorka caabbinta uu yahay mid aad u caadi ah, laakiin muhiimaddeeda ayaa aad muhiim u ah, oo leh caabbinta si loo hubiyo badbaadada qaybaha kala duwan.