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Wax-soo-saarka iyo hababka daabacaadda heerkulka hooseeya waxay isku dari karaan qalabka elektarooniga ah ee kala duwan ee isticmaalka tamarta iyo isticmaalka tamarta ee substrates dabacsan oo qiimo jaban. Qalabka. Qaybaha daahsoon-inductors, capacitors, iyo resistors-waxay qabtaan hawlaha sida shaandhaynta, kaydinta tamarta wakhtiga gaaban, iyo cabbirka tamarta, kuwaas oo lagama maarmaan u ah qalabka elektiroonigga ah iyo codsiyo kale oo badan. resistors iyo RLC wareegyada screen-daabacan on substrates balaastiig dabacsan, iyo ka warbixin habka design si loo yareeyo iska caabin taxane ah ee inductors si ay u loo isticmaali karaa in qalabka elektarooniga ah. ee dareerayaasha iftiinka soo saara organic iyo baytariyada lithium-ion oo dabacsan. Xakamaynta korantada ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu xoojiyo diode-yada batteriga, taasoo muujinaysa awoodda qaybaha dadban ee daabacan si loogu beddelo qaybaha korka caadiga ah ee codsiyada beddelka DC-DC.
Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, codsiga qalabyo kala duwan oo dabacsan oo ku jira alaabada elektiroonigga ah ee la xiran karo iyo kuwa ballaaran iyo internetka ee Waxyaabaha1,2 ayaa la sameeyay. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah qalabka tamarta goosashada, sida photovoltaic 3, piezoelectric 4, iyo thermoelectric 5; aaladaha kaydinta tamarta, sida baytariyada 6, 7; iyo aaladaha tamarta-isticmaalka, sida dareemayaasha 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, iyo ilaha iftiinka ka gudub wixii ismaandhaaf ah ee udhaxeeya habdhaqanka korantada iyo shuruudaha rarka.Tusaale ahaan, batterigu waxa uu dhaliyaa danab doorsooma marka loo eego xaalada uu ku dallaco .Awoodda elektiroonigga ah waxay isticmaashaa qaybo firfircoon (transistor) si ay u qabtaan hawlaha beddelka iyo xakamaynta, iyo sidoo kale qaybaha aan caadiga ahayn (inductors, capacitors, iyo resistors) .Tusaale ahaan, wareegga xakamaynta wareejinta, inductor ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu kaydiyo tamarta inta lagu jiro wareeg kasta oo wareeg ah. , Capacitor waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loo yareeyo qulqulka korantada, iyo cabbirka korantada ee looga baahan yahay xakamaynta jawaab-celinta waxaa lagu sameeyaa qaybiyaha iska caabinta.
Aaladaha korontada ku shaqeeya ee ku habboon aaladaha la xidhi karo (sida pulse oximeter 9) waxay u baahan yihiin dhowr volts iyo dhowr milliamps, badanaa waxay ku shaqeeyaan inta jeer ee boqollaal kHz ilaa dhowr MHz ah, waxayna u baahan yihiin dhowr μH iyo dhowr μH inductance iyo Awoodda μF waa 14 siday u kala horreeyaan. Habka dhaqameed ee wax soo saarka wareegyadan waa in lagu iibiyo qaybaha discrete si ay guddiga wareegga daabacan adag (PCB) .In kasta oo qaybaha firfircoon ee wareegyada elektarooniga ah waxaa sida caadiga ah la isku daray silikoon isku dhafan wareeg ah (IC), qaybaha dadban waa sida caadiga ah. dibadda, ama oggolaanshaha wareegyada caadada ah, ama sababtoo ah inductance iyo capacitance loo baahan yahay ayaa aad u weyn in lagu fuliyo silikon.
Marka la barbardhigo tiknoolajiyada wax soo saarka ee PCB-ga caadiga ah, wax soo saarka qalabka elektarooniga ah iyo wareegyada iyada oo loo marayo habka daabacaadda wax lagu daro waxay leedahay faa'iidooyin badan marka la eego fududaanta iyo kharashka. iyo isku xirnaanta, daabacaaddu waxay ogolaataa qaybo badan in la soo saaro isku mar, iyada oo ay yar tahay tillaabooyinka habaynta iyo ilo yar oo agabka 18, iyo 19. Intaa waxaa dheer, heerkulka hooseeya ee loo isticmaalo daabacaadda waxay ku habboon yihiin lakabyo caag ah oo dabacsan oo jaban, taas oo u oggolaanaysa isticmaalka hababka wax soo saarka xawaaraha sare ee duubista si loo daboolo qalabka elektaroonigga ah ee 16, 20 oo ka sarreeya meelo waaweyn. kuwaas oo aan si buuxda loo xaqiijin karin qaybaha daabacan, hababka hybrid ayaa la sameeyay kuwaas oo qaybaha tiknoolajiyada dusha sare (SMT) ay ku xiran yihiin substrates dabacsan 21, 22, 23 oo ku xiga qaybaha daabacan ee heerkulka hooseeya. Habkan hybrid, weli waa weli. lagama maarmaanka u ah in lagu beddelo inta badan qaybaha SMT ee suurtogalka ah ee daabacaadda daabacan si loo helo faa'iidooyinka hababka dheeraadka ah iyo kordhinta guud ahaan dabacsanaanta wareegga. Qaybaha, iyada oo xoogga la saarayo beddelka inductors SMT-ga weyn leh inductors spiral planar.Among tignoolajiyada kala duwan ee wax soo saarka elektaroonigga daabacan, daabacaadda shaashadda ayaa si gaar ah ugu habboon qaybaha dadban sababtoo ah dhumucdeeda filimka weyn (taas oo lagama maarmaan u ah in la yareeyo iska caabinta taxanaha ah ee sifooyinka biraha ) iyo xawaaraha daabacaadda oo sarreeya, xitaa marka la daboolayo aagagga heerka sentimitirka ah Isla sidaas oo kale waa run mararka qaarkood. Qalabka 24.
Waa in la yareeyaa qaybaha dadban ee qalabka elektiroonigga ah, sababtoo ah waxtarka wareegga ayaa si toos ah u saameeya qadarka tamarta loo baahan yahay si loo xoojiyo nidaamka. Tani waxay si gaar ah ugu adag tahay inductors daabacan oo ka kooban gariiro dhaadheer, taas oo markaa u nugul taxane sare. Sidaa darteed, inkasta oo dadaallada qaar la sameeyay si loo yareeyo iska caabbinta 25, 26, 27, 28 ee gariiradaha daabacan, weli waxaa jira la'aanta wax-ku-oolnimada sare ee qaybaha daabacan ee qalabka elektarooniga ah. Qaybaha substrates dabacsan waxaa loogu talagalay inay ku shaqeeyaan wareegyada resonant ee aqoonsiga soo noqnoqda raadiyaha (RFID) ama ujeedooyinka goosashada tamarta 26, 32, 33, 34 kuwaas oo aan loo hagaajin codsiyada gaarka ah. Taas bedelkeeda, wareegyada korantada elektiroonigga ah sida korantada korantada waxay inta badan isticmaalaan qaybo waaweyn marka loo eego qalabka caadiga ah ee daabacan oo aan u baahnayn resonance, sidaas darteed naqshadaha qaybaha kala duwan ayaa loo baahan yahay.
Halkan, waxaan ku soo bandhigeynaa naqshadeynta iyo hagaajinta muraayadaha daabacan ee shaashadda ee kala duwan ee μH si loo gaaro iska caabbinta ugu yar ee taxanaha ah iyo waxqabadka sare ee soo noqnoqda ee la xidhiidha korontada korontada. on substrates balaastikada ah oo dabacsan.Ku haboonaanta qaybahan ee alaabta elektaroonigga ah ee dabacsan ayaa markii hore lagu muujiyay wareegga RLC ee fudud. Inductor daabacan iyo iska caabin ayaa markaa lagu dhex daraa IC si ay u sameeyaan kor u qaadida xakamaynta.Ugu dambeyntii, diode organic-etting (OLED) ) iyo baytari lithium-ion ah oo dabacsan ayaa la soo saaray, iyo korantada maamusha ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu xoojiyo OLED ee batteriga.
Si loo naqshadeeyo inductors daabacan oo loogu talagalay korantada elektiroonigga ah, waxaan marka hore saadaalnay inductance iyo iska caabbinta DC ee taxanaha joomatariyada inductor ee ku saleysan qaabka xaashida hadda ee lagu soo jeediyay Mohan et al. 35, iyo inductors-ka-soo-saarka ee joomatari kala duwan si loo xaqiijiyo saxsanaanta qaabka.Shaqadan, qaab wareeg ah ayaa loo doortay inductor sababtoo ah inductance sare 36 ayaa lagu gaari karaa iska caabin hoose marka loo eego joomatari geeso badan. Saamaynta khad Nooca iyo tirada wareegyada daabacaadda ee caabbinta ayaa la go'aamiyaa. Natiijooyinkan ayaa markaa la isticmaalay qaabka ammeterka si loo naqshadeeyo 4.7 μH iyo 7.8 μH inductors oo loogu talagalay iska caabbinta ugu yar ee DC.
Inductance iyo iska caabbinta DC ee inductors spiral waxaa lagu sifeyn karaa dhowr cabbir: dhexroorka dibadda samee, balladhka w iyo kala dheereynta s, tirada leexashada n, iyo caabbinta kirishbooyada Rsheet oo leh n = 12, oo muujinaya jaangooyooyinka joomatari ee go'aaminaya inductance. Marka loo eego qaabka ammeter ee Mohan et al. 35, inductance waxaa loo xisaabiyaa taxane ah joomatari inductor, halkaas oo
(a) Sawirka muraayadaha daabacan ee muujinaya cabbirada joomatari. Dhexroorku waa 3 cm. Inductance (b) iyo caabbinta DC (c) ee geometry inductor ee kala duwan. Xadadka iyo calaamaduhu waxay u dhigmaan qiimaha la xisaabiyay oo la cabbiray, siday u kala horreeyaan. d,e
Inta jeer ee sare, saamaynta maqaarka iyo awoodda dulin waxay bedeli doontaa caabbinta iyo inductance ee inductor sida ay qiimaha DC. Inductor ayaa la filayaa in ay ka shaqeeyaan inta jeer ee ku filan hooseeyo in saamaynta kuwanu waa dayacan, iyo qalab u dhaqmo sida inductance joogto ah. oo leh iska caabin joogto ah oo isdaba joog ah. Sidaa darteed, shaqadan, waxaan falanqeynnay xiriirka ka dhexeeya xuduudaha joomatari, inductance, iyo DC-ga, waxaanan isticmaalnay natiijooyinka si aan u helno inductance la siiyay oo leh caabbinta ugu yar ee DC.
Inductance iyo caabbinta waxaa loo xisaabiyaa taxane joomatari oo taxane ah oo lagu xaqiijin karo daabacaadda shaashadda, waxaana la filayaa in inductance ee xadka μH la dhalin doono. Dhexroorka dibadda ee 3 iyo 5 cm, ballacyada xariiqa 500 iyo 1000 microns. Xisaabinta, waxaa loo maleynayaa in caabbinta xaashidu ay tahay 47 mΩ/□, taas oo u dhiganta 7 μm dhumucdiisuna waxay tahay Dupont 5028 lakabka kaari microflake silver ah oo lagu daabacay shaashad 400 mesh ah iyo dejinta w = s. The Inductance la xisaabiyo iyo qiimaha iska caabin ah ayaa lagu muujiyey Jaantuska 1b iyo c, siday u kala horreeyaan.Qaybta ayaa saadaalisay in inductance iyo caabbinta labadaba ay kordhiyaan marka dhexroorka dibadda iyo tirada leexashadu korodho, ama marka ballaciisu hoos u dhaco.
Si loo qiimeeyo saxnaanta saadaasha moodeelka, inductors of geometries kala duwan iyo inductances ayaa lagu sameeyay substrate polyetylen terephthalate (PET). qiimaha la filayo, inta badan ay ugu wacan tahay isbeddelka dhumucda iyo isku midka ah ee khad dhigaalka ah, inductance waxay muujisay heshiis aad u wanaagsan oo lala yeesho qaabka.
Natiijooyinkaan waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu naqshadeeyo inductor leh inductance loo baahan yahay iyo iska caabbinta ugu yar ee DC. Tusaale ahaan, ka soo qaad inductance 2 μH ayaa loo baahan yahay. Sawirka 1b wuxuu muujinayaa in inductance this lagu xaqiijin karo dhexroorka dibadda ee 3 cm, ballac xariiq oo ah 500 μm, iyo 10 wareeg ah. Isla inductance ayaa sidoo kale la soo saari karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo 5 cm dhexroor dibadda ah, 500 μm ballac xariiqa iyo 5 leexo ama 1000 μm ballac xariiqda iyo 7 leexashada (sida ku cad shaxanka) Marka la barbardhigo iska caabbinta saddexdan joomatariyada suurtagalka ah ee Jaantuska 1c, waxaa la ogaan karaa in caabbinta ugu yar ee inductor 5 cm oo leh ballac xariiqa 1000 μm waa 34 Ω, taas oo ku saabsan 40% ka hooseeya labada kale. Habka naqshadeynta guud si loo gaaro inductance la siiyay. oo leh caabbinta ugu yar ayaa lagu soo koobay sida soo socota: Marka hore, dooro dhexroorka dibadda ee ugu sarreeya ee la ogol yahay iyadoo loo eegayo caqabadaha booska ee codsiga ( isla'egta (3)).
Iyada oo la kordhinayo dhumucda ama isticmaalka walxaha leh conductivity sare si loo yareeyo caabbinta xaashida filimka birta ah, iska caabbinta DC waa la sii yarayn karaa iyada oo aan saameyn ku yeelan inductance. Laba inductors, kuwaas oo xuduudaha joomatari waxaa lagu bixiyaa shaxda 1, loo yaqaan L1 iyo L2. waxaa lagu soo saaraa tirooyin kala duwan oo dahaar ah si ay u qiimeeyaan isbeddelka caabbinta.Sida tirada khadku kordho, iska caabintu waxay hoos u dhacdaa si siman sida la filayo, sida ku cad sawirada 1d iyo e, kuwaas oo ah inductors L1 iyo L2, siday u kala horreeyaan. Sawirada 1d iyo e Tus in adigoo dabaqaya lakabyada 6 ee daahan, caabbinta la dhimi karo ilaa 6 jeer, iyo hoos u dhigista ugu badan ee caabbinta (50-65%) waxay dhacdaa inta u dhaxaysa lakabka 1 iyo lakabka 2. Maadaama lakab kasta oo khad ah uu khafiif yahay, a Shaashad leh cabbir yar oo xajmi ah (400 xariiq kasta inch) ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daabaco inductors-kaas, taas oo noo ogolaanaysa inaan barano saamaynta dhumucda kirishbooyada ee caabbinta. Ilaa iyo inta astaamaha qaabku ay ka sii weyn yihiin xallinta ugu yar ee shabakada, a dhumucdiisuna la mid ah (iyo iska caabin ah) waxaa lagu gaari karaa si degdeg ah by daabacaadda tiro yar oo daahan oo leh size shabagga weyn. Habkan waxaa loo isticmaali karaa si loo gaaro caabbinta DC la mid ah sida inductor-dahaarka 6 halkan looga hadlay, laakiin la xawaaraha wax soo saarka sare.
Jaantusyada 1d iyo e waxay sidoo kale muujinayaan in iyadoo la adeegsanayo khad qalin ah oo qalin ah oo dheeraad ah DuPont 5064H, iska caabbinta ayaa la dhimay laba qaybood. Laga soo bilaabo micrographs SEM ee filimada lagu daabacay labada khad (Jaantus 1f, g), waxay noqon kartaa la arkay in conductivity hoose ee 5028 khad ay sabab u tahay ay size qayb ka yar iyo joogitaanka banaanaadyo badan oo u dhexeeya qayb ka filimka daabacan. Dhinaca kale, 5064H ayaa ka weyn, oo si dhow u habaysan flakes, taasoo ka dhigaysa in ay u dhaqmaan u dhow bulk. silver.In kasta oo filimka khadkani soo saaray uu ka khafiifsan yahay 5028 khad, oo leh hal lakab oo ah 4 μm iyo 6 lakab oo ah 22 μm, kororka korriinka ayaa ku filan si loo yareeyo caabbinta guud.
Ugu dambeyntii, in kasta oo inductance ( isla'egta (1)) ay ku xiran tahay tirada leexashada (w + s), caabbinta ( isla'egta (5)) waxay ku xiran tahay oo keliya ballaca xariiqda w. Sidaa darteed, iyadoo la kordhinayo w marka loo eego s, caabbinta waa la sii yarayn karaa.Labada inductors ee dheeraadka ah ee L3 iyo L4 waxaa loogu talagalay inay yeeshaan w = 2s iyo dhexroor weyn oo dibadda ah, sida ku cad Shaxda 1. Inductors-ka waxaa lagu soo saaray 6 lakab oo DuPont 5064H ah, sida hore loo muujiyay, si ay u bixiyaan waxqabadka ugu sarreeya.Inductance ee L3 waa 4.720 ± 0.002 μH iyo iska caabin waa 4.9 ± 0.1 Ω, halka inductance ee L4 waa 7.839 ± 0.005 μH iyo 6.9 ± 0.1 Ω, kuwaas oo si fiican heshiis ula saadaasha model ah. korodhka dhumucda, conductivity, iyo w/s, tani waxay la macno tahay in saamiga L/R uu kordhay in ka badan siday u kala horreeyeen marka loo eego qiimaha sawirka 1.
Inkasta oo iska caabbinta DC ee hooseeya ay tahay mid rajo leh, qiimeynta ku habboonaanta inductors ee qalabka elektaroonigga ah ee ka shaqeeya qiyaasta kHz-MHz waxay u baahan tahay sifada inta jeer ee AC. Jaantuska 2a wuxuu muujinayaa ku-tiirsanaanta joogtada ah ee caabbinta iyo falcelinta L3 iyo L4. Wixii soo noqnoqda ee ka hooseeya 10 MHz , iska caabin ah ayaa weli qiyaas ahaan joogto ah at qiimaha ay DC, halka falcelinta kordho toosan la inta jeer, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in inductance waa joogto ah sida la filayo.The inta jeer ee is-resonant waxaa lagu qeexaa sida inta jeer at kaas oo impedance ka beddelo inductive ilaa capacitive, iyadoo L3 oo ah 35.6 ± 0.3 MHz iyo L4 oo ah 24.3 ± 0.6 MHz. Ku-tiirsanaanta soo noqnoqda ee tayada tayada Q (oo la mid ah ωL / R) ayaa lagu muujiyay Jaantuska 2b.L3 iyo L4 waxay gaaraan tayada ugu badan ee 35 ± 1 iyo 33 ± 1 soo noqnoqoshada 11 iyo 16 MHz, siday u kala horreeyaan. Soo saarista dhawr μH iyo heerka sare ee Q ee soo noqnoqoshada MHz ayaa ka dhigaysa inductors kuwan ku filan inay beddelaan inductor-dhaqameedka dusha sare ee beddelayaasha awoodda yar ee DC-DC.
Iska caabinta la qiyaasay R iyo falcelinta X (a) iyo tayada tayada Q (b) ee inductors L3 iyo L4 waxay la xiriiraan inta jeer.
Si loo yareeyo raadraaca loo baahan yahay awoodda la siiyay, waxaa ugu wanaagsan in la isticmaalo tignoolajiyada capacitor oo leh awood gaar ah oo weyn, taas oo la mid ah dielectric joogto ah oo loo qaybiyay dhumucda dielectric. Shaqadan, waxaan dooranay barium titanate composite. sida dielectric maxaa yeelay waxa ay leedahay epsilon ka sarreeya dielectrics organic kale ee xal-processed.Lakabka dielectric waxaa lagu daabacaa inta u dhaxaysa labada kirishbooyada silver si ay u sameeyaan qaab-dhismeedka bir-dielectric-birta ah. Jaantuska 3b waxa lagu soo saaray iyadoo la isticmaalayo laba ama saddex lakab oo khad dielectric ah si loo ilaaliyo wax soo saarka wanaagsan waa hal-lakab iyo lix-lakab 5064H siday u kala horreeyaan. Qaybaha barium titanate ee micron-sized ayaa lagu arki karaa sawirka SEM sababtoo ah meelaha dhalaalaya waxay ku wareegsan yihiin binder organic madow. Khad dielectric ah ayaa si fiican u qooya electrode hoose waxayna sameeyaan is-dhexgal cad oo leh filim bir ah oo daabacan, sida ku cad sawirka oo leh weynayn sare.
(a) Sawirka capacitor oo leh shan meelood oo kala duwan. lakabyada dielectric iyo meelo kala duwan, oo lagu qiyaaso 1 MHz.(d) Xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya awoodda, ESR, iyo qodobka lumitaanka ee 2.25 cm2 capacitor oo leh 2 lakab oo daahan dielectric ah iyo inta jeer.
Awooddu waxay u dhigantaa aagga la filayo. Sida ku cad Jaantuska 3c, awoodda gaarka ah ee dielectric laba-lakab ah waa 0.53 nF / cm2, iyo awoodda gaarka ah ee dielectric saddex-lakab ah waa 0.33 nF / cm2. Qiimahaani waxay u dhigmaan joogtaynta dielectric ee 13. The Awoodda iyo awoodda kala-baxa (DF) ayaa sidoo kale lagu cabbiray isdaba-joogyo kala duwan, sida ku cad Jaantuska 3d, 2.25 cm2 capacitor oo leh laba lakab oo dielectric ah. Waxaan ogaanay in awooddu ay tahay mid siman inta jeer ee xiisaha, kor u kaca 20% laga bilaabo 1 ilaa 10 MHz, iyada oo isku mid ah, DF waxay ka korodhay 0.013 ilaa 0.023. Tan iyo markii qodobka kala-baxa uu yahay saamiga tamarta luminta tamarta lagu kaydiyo wareeg kasta oo AC ah, DF ee 0.02 waxay ka dhigan tahay in 2% awoodda la maamulay. by capacitor waa la wada baabbi'iyey. Khasaaraha this sida caadiga ah waxaa loo muujiyaa sida soo noqnoqda-ku-tiirsan u dhiganta iska caabin ah (ESR) ku xiran si taxane ah capacitor ah, kaas oo la mid ah DF/ωC. Sida ku cad sawirka 3d, waayo, soo noqnoqoshada ka weyn 1 MHz. ESR waxay ka hooseysaa 1.5 Ω, iyo inta jeer ee ka weyn 4 MHz, ESR waxay ka hooseysaa 0.5 Ω. Inkastoo isticmaalka tignoolajiyadan capacitor, capacitors-class μF looga baahan yahay beddelayaasha DC-DC waxay u baahan yihiin aag aad u weyn, laakiin 100 pF- kala duwanaanta capacitance nF iyo khasaaraha hoose ee capacitors kuwan ka dhigi iyaga ku haboon codsiyada kale, sida filtarrada iyo wareegyada resonant .Habab kala duwan ayaa loo isticmaali karaa si loo kordhiyo capacitance.A joogto ah dielectric sare kordhiyaa capacitance gaar ah 37; tusaale ahaan, tan waxaa lagu gaari karaa iyadoo la kordhinayo fiirsashada ee qaybaha barium titanate ee khad.A dhumucdiisuna yar dielectric waxaa loo isticmaali karaa, inkastoo tani waxay u baahan tahay electrode hoose oo qallafsanaan hoose ka badan flake lacag screen-daabacan. lakabyada waxaa lagu kaydin karaa daabacaadda khad 31 ama daabacaadda gravure 10, taas oo lagu dari karo habka daabacaadda shaashadda. Ugu dambeyntii, lakabyo badan oo kala duwan oo bir ah iyo dielectric ayaa la isku dhejin karaa oo la daabacan karaa oo lagu xiri karaa si siman, taas oo kordhinaysa awoodda 34 halkii unug. .
Qaybiye danab ah oo ka kooban lammaane iska caabin ah ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa si loo sameeyo cabbiraadda korantada ee looga baahan yahay xakamaynta jawaab-celinta ee maandooriyaha danab. Codsiga noocan ah, caabbinta iska caabbinta daabacan waa inay ahaataa qiyaasta kΩ-MΩ, iyo farqiga u dhexeeya Qalabku waa yar yahay.Halkan, waxaa la ogaaday in caabbinta xaashida hal-lakabka shaashadda ee daabacan khad kaarboon ay ahayd 900 Ω/□. Macluumaadkan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu naqshadeeyo laba caabiyeyaasha tooska ah (R1 iyo R2) iyo iska caabiyaha serpentine (R3). ) oo leh caabbinta magaceed ee 10 kΩ, 100 kΩ, iyo 1.5 MΩ. Iska caabbinta udhaxeysa qiyamka magacuyaalka ah waxaa lagu gaaraa daabacaadda laba ama saddex lakab oo khad ah, sida ku cad sawirka 4, iyo sawirada saddexda iska caabbinta. Samee 8- 12 nooc oo nooc kasta ah; Xaaladaha oo dhan, is-beddelka caadiga ah ee caabbinta waa 10% ama ka yar. Isbeddelka caabbinta ee shaybaarada leh laba ama saddex lakab oo daahan ah ayaa u muuqda inay wax yar ka yar yihiin kan shaybaarka leh hal lakab oo lakab ah. Isbedelka yar ee caabbinta la qiyaasay iyo heshiiska dhow ee qiimaha magacu wuxuu muujinayaa in iska caabbinta kale ee xadkan si toos ah loo heli karo iyada oo wax laga beddelayo joomatari resistor.
Saddex joomateri oo iska caabin ah oo kala duwan oo leh tirooyin kala duwan oo ah khad iska caabbinta kaarboon ah.Sawirada saddexda iska caabiyeyaasha ayaa lagu muujiyey dhanka midig.
Wareegyada RLC waa tusaalayaal buugaag wax lagu barto oo ah iska caabin, inductor, iyo capacitor isku darka loo isticmaalo si loo muujiyo loona xaqiijiyo habdhaqanka qaybaha dadban ee lagu dhex daray wareegyada daabacan ee dhabta ah. 25 kΩ resistor waxay ku xiran tahay iyaga oo barbar socda. Sawirka wareegga dabacsanaanta ayaa lagu muujiyay sawirka 5a. Sababta loo dooranayo isku-dhafkan gaarka ah ee isdaba-joogga ah waa in habdhaqankiisa lagu go'aamiyo mid kasta oo ka mid ah saddexda qaybood ee soo noqnoqda ee kala duwan, si waxqabadka qayb kasta waa la iftiimin karaa oo la qiimeyn karaa. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo iska caabbinta 7 Ω taxane ah ee inductor iyo 1.3 Ω ESR ee capacitor, jawaabta inta jeer ee la filayo ee wareegga ayaa la xisaabiyay. Jaantuska wareegga ayaa lagu muujiyay sawirka 5b, iyo xisaabinta amplitude impedance iyo wejiga iyo qiyamka la qiyaaso waxaa lagu muujiyay jaantusyada 5c iyo d. At soo noqnoqoshada hoose, impedance sare ee capacitor ka dhigan tahay in habdhaqanka wareegga waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa resistor 25 kΩ. Sida soo noqnoqda kordho, impedance ee jidka LC ayaa hoos u dhacaya; Habdhaqanka wareegga oo dhan waa mid karti leh ilaa inta jeer ee resonant uu yahay 2.0 MHz. Ka sarreeya inta jeer ee resonance, impedance inductive ayaa ka sarreeya. Sawirka 5 wuxuu si cad u muujinayaa heshiiska ugu fiican ee u dhexeeya qiimaha la xisaabiyay iyo kuwa la cabbiray ee guud ahaan tirada soo noqnoqda. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in qaabka loo isticmaalo halkan (halkaas oo inductors iyo capacitors ay yihiin qaybo ku habboon oo leh iska caabin taxane ah) waxay sax u tahay saadaalinta dabeecadda wareegga ee soo noqnoqoshadan.
(a) Sawirka wareegga RLC ee shaashadda ku daabacan oo adeegsata isku-dar taxane ah oo ah inductor 8 μH iyo 0.8 nF capacitor oo barbar socda 25 kΩ resistor. ,d) Balaadhan impedance (c) iyo wejiga (d) wareegga.
Ugu dambeyntii, inductors daabacan iyo iska caabin ayaa lagu hirgeliyaa regulator-ka kor u kaca. IC ee loo isticmaalo mudaaharaadkan waa Microchip MCP1640B14, kaas oo ah PWM-ku salaysan kor u qaadista synchronous oo leh inta jeer ee hawlgalka ee 500 kHz. Jaantuska wareegga ayaa lagu muujiyay sawirka 6a.A. 4.7 μH inductor iyo laba capacitors (4.7 μF iyo 10 μF) ayaa loo isticmaalaa sida walxaha kaydinta tamarta, iyo labo ka mid ah resistors ayaa loo isticmaalaa si loo cabbiro tamarta wax soo saarka ee xakamaynta jawaab-celinta. Dooro qiimaha caabbinta si aad u hagaajiso tamarta wax soo saarka ilaa 5 V. Wareegga waxaa lagu soo saaray PCB-ga, waxaana waxqabadkiisa lagu cabbiraa caabbinta culeyska iyo kala duwanaanshaha korantada wax soo saarka ee 3 ilaa 4 V si loo sawiro baytariyada lithium-ion ee gobollo kala duwan oo lagu dallaco. waxtarka SMT inductors iyo resistors.SMT capacitors ayaa loo isticmaalaa kiisaska oo dhan sababtoo ah awoodda loo baahan yahay codsigan aad bay u weyn tahay in lagu buuxiyo capacitors daabacan.
(a) Jaantuska wareegga xasilinta danab.(b-d) (b) Vout, (c) Vsw, iyo (d) Waveforms ee hadda ku qulqulaya inductor, korantada wax gelinta waa 4.0 V, caabbinta culeysku waa 1 kΩ, iyo inductor daabacan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu cabbiro.Surface mount resistors iyo capacitors ayaa loo isticmaalaa cabbirkan. ) Saamiga waxtarka ee buurta dusha sare iyo wareegga daabacan ee lagu muujiyey (e).
Wixii 4.0 V Voltage iyo 1000 Ω caabbinta culeyska, mowjadaha lagu cabbiro iyadoo la adeegsanayo inductors daabacan ayaa lagu muujiyey Jaantuska 6b-d. Jaantuska 6c wuxuu muujinayaa danab ku yaal terminalka Vsw ee IC; korantada inductor waa Vin-Vsw.Jaantuska 6d wuxuu muujinayaa qulqulka hadda socda ee inductor. Wax ku oolnimada wareegga leh SMT iyo qaybaha daabacan ayaa lagu muujiyay Jaantuska 6e oo ah shaqo ka mid ah tamarta gelinta iyo caabbinta culeyska, iyo Jaantuska 6f wuxuu muujinayaa saamiga waxtarka Qaybaha daabacan ee qaybaha SMT. Waxtarka lagu cabbiro iyadoo la adeegsanayo qaybaha SMT waxay la mid tahay qiimaha la filayo ee lagu bixiyo xaashida xogta soo saaraha taas oo ah inductor SMT sababtoo ah caabbinta taxanaha sare leh. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo leh koronto sare oo wax soo saar leh iyo hadda wax soo saarka sare, luminta caabbinta waxay noqotaa mid muhiim ah, iyo waxqabadka inductors daabacan waxay bilaabaan inay u dhawaadaan kuwa SMT. = 4.0 V ama> 750 Ω iyo Vin = 3.5 V, hufnaanta inductors-ka daabacan ayaa ka weyn 85% inductors SMT.
Isbarbardhigga mowjadda hadda jira ee Jaantuska 6d iyo khasaaraha awoodda la qiyaasay waxay muujinaysaa in khasaaraha iska caabbinta ee inductor uu yahay sababta ugu weyn ee farqiga u dhexeeya waxtarka wareegga daabacan iyo wareegga SMT, sida la filayo. Awood-gelinta iyo soo-saarka ayaa lagu qiyaasay 4.0 V. Voltage input iyo 1000 Ω caabbinta culeyska waa 30.4 mW iyo 25.8 mW loogu talagalay wareegyada leh qaybaha SMT, iyo 33.1 mW iyo 25.2 mW ee wareegyada leh qaybaha daabacan. Sidaa darteed, khasaaraha wareegga daabacan waa 7.9 mW, taas oo ah 3.4 mW ka sarreeya Wareegga leh qaybaha SMT. Inductor-ka RMS ee hadda laga soo xisaabiyay qaabka mawjada ee Jaantuska 6d waa 25.6 mA. Tan iyo markii ay iska caabbinta taxanaha ah ay tahay 4.9 Ω, khasaaraha awoodda la filayo waa 3.2 mW. Tani waa 96% qiyaasta awoodda 3.4 mW DC. Intaa waxaa dheer, wareegga waxaa lagu soo saaraa inductors daabacan iyo caabiyeyaasha daabacan iyo inductors daabacan iyo iska caabin SMT, iyo ma jiro farqi wax ku ool ah oo muuqda oo dhexdooda ah.
Kadibna maareeyayaasha danabku waxa lagu farsameeyaa PCB-ga dabacsan (daabacaadda wareegga iyo waxqabadka qaybta SMT waxa lagu muujiyey Jaantuska Dheeraadka ah ee S1) oo waxay ku xidhan yihiin inta u dhaxaysa baytariyada lithium-ion ee dabacsan sida isha korantada iyo array OLED sida culeyska. Sida laga soo xigtay Lochner et al. 9 Si loo soo saaro OLEDs, pixel kasta OLED wuxuu isticmaalaa 0.6 mA at 5 V. Batarigu wuxuu isticmaalaa lithium cobalt oxide iyo graphite sida cathode iyo anode, siday u kala horreeyaan, waxaana soo saara dahaarka daabka dhakhtarka, taas oo ah habka ugu badan ee daabacaadda baytari. awoodda batari waa 16mAh, iyo danab inta lagu guda jiro imtixaanka waa 4.0V.Jaantuska 7 muujinaysaa sawirka wareegga on PCB dabacsan, powering saddex OLED pixels ku xiran si barbar ah.Bannaanbaxa muujiyay awoodda qaybaha awoodda daabacan in lagu daro kuwa kale aaladaha dabacsan iyo kuwa organic si loo sameeyo habab elektaroonik ah oo aad u adag.
Sawirka wareegga korantada ee korantada ee PCB dabacsan iyadoo la adeegsanayo inductors iyo resistors daabacan, iyadoo la adeegsanayo baytariyada lithium-ion ee dabacsan si loo xoojiyo saddex LEDs organic.
Waxaan soo bandhignay shaashad daabacan inductors, capacitors iyo resistors oo leh qiyam kala duwan oo ku saabsan substrates PET dabacsan, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu beddelo qaybaha buurta dusha sare ee qalabka elektarooniga ah , iyo saamiga ballac-balladhka xariiqda, iyo iyadoo la adeegsanayo lakab qaro weyn oo khad iska caabin ah oo hooseeya. Qaybahan waxaa lagu dhex daray wareegga RLC si buuxda u daabacan oo dabacsan waxayna muujinayaan dabeecad koronto oo la saadaalin karo ee qiyaasta kHz-MHz, taas oo ah tan ugu weyn. xiisaha loo qabo korontada.
Kiisaska caadiga ah ee loo isticmaalo aaladaha korantada daabacan waa kuwo la xidhan karo ama alaab-isku-dhafan nidaamyo elektaroonig ah oo dabacsan, oo ay ku shaqeeyaan baytariyada dib-u-jallaali kara (sida lithium-ion), kuwaas oo dhalin kara danab doorsooma iyadoo loo eegayo heerka kharashka. Haddii culeyska (ay ku jiraan daabacaadda iyo) Qalabka elektaroonigga ah ee elektiroonigga ah) waxay u baahan yihiin koronto joogto ah ama ka sarreeya soosaarka danab ee batteriga, nidaamiyaha korantada ayaa loo baahan yahay. Sababtan awgeed, inductors daabacan iyo iska caabiyeyaasha ayaa lagu dhex daraa silikoon ICs-dhaqameedka si loo xakameeyo kor u kaca si loo xoojiyo OLED oo leh koronto joogto ah. of 5 V oo ka mid ah sahayda batari danab variable.Within kala duwan oo ka mid ah kala duwan ee load hadda iyo danab input, hufnaanta wareegga this dhaaftaa 85% ee hufnaanta wareegga kontoroolka isticmaalaya inductors Buur dusha iyo resistors.In kasta oo walxaha iyo optimizations joomatari, khasaaraha iska caabinta ee inductor ayaa weli ah qodobka xaddidaya waxqabadka wareegga ee heerarka sare ee hadda jira (wax-soo-gelinta hadda ka weyn oo ku saabsan 10 mA) Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka la eego qulqulka hoose, khasaaraha inductor waa la dhimay, iyo waxqabadka guud ayaa xaddidaya waxtarka. ee IC. Maadaama qalab badan oo daabacan iyo kuwa organic ay u baahan yihiin qulqulo yar yar, sida OLED-yada yaryar ee loo isticmaalo muujintayada, inductors power printed waxaa loo tixgelin karaa inay ku habboon yihiin codsiyadan oo kale.Iyadoo la isticmaalayo ICs loogu talagalay inay leeyihiin waxtarka ugu sarreeya heerarka hoose ee hadda jira, waxtarka beddelka guud ee sarreeya ayaa la gaari karaa.
Shaqadan, xakamaynta korantada waxaa lagu dhisay PCB-dhaqameedka, PCB-ga dabacsan iyo tignoolajiyada alxanka qaybaha dusha sare, halka qaybta daabacan lagu sameeyay substrate.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khadyada heerkulka hooseeya iyo viscosity-sare loo isticmaalo si loo soo saaro shaashadda- filimada daabacan waa in ay oggolaadaan qaybaha dadban, iyo sidoo kale isku xidhka u dhexeeya qalabka iyo qaybta buurta ee dusha sare ee xidhidhka, in lagu daabaco substrate kasta. Tani, oo ay weheliso isticmaalka xabagta heerkulka hoose ee hadda jira ee qaybaha buurta dusha sare, u ogolaan doonaa Wareegga oo dhan in lagu dhiso substrates aan qaali ahayn (sida PET) iyada oo aan loo baahnayn hababka kala-goynta sida PCB etching. Sidaa darteed, qaybaha shaashadda ee daabacan ee lagu sameeyay shaqadan ayaa gacan ka geysanaya in ay u gogol xaadhiyaan hababka elektaroonigga ah ee dabacsan ee isku dhafan tamarta iyo culeyska. oo leh qalab koronto oo tayo sare leh, isticmaalaya substrates aan qaali ahayn, inta badan hababka wax lagu daro iyo tirada ugu yar ee qaybaha buurta dusha sare.
Isticmaalka daabacaadda shaashadda ee Asys ASP01M iyo shaashadda birta aan fiicnayn ee ay bixiso Dynamesh Inc., dhammaan lakabyada qaybaha aan caadiga ahayn ayaa lagu daabacay muraayad PET ah oo dabacsan oo dhumucdeedu tahay 76 μm. Cabbirka mesh ee lakabka birta waa 400 xariiq inch iyo 250 xariiq kasta inch oo loogu talagalay lakabka dielectric iyo lakabka iska caabinta.Isticmaal xoogga squeegee ee 55 N, xawaaraha daabacaadda ee 60 mm/s, fogaan jajab ah 1.5 mm, iyo Serilor squeegee oo adag oo ah 65 (biraha iyo iska caabinta lakabyada) ama 75 (lakabyada dielectric) ee daabacaadda shaashadda.
Lakabyada korantada-inductors-ka iyo xiriirka capacitors iyo resistors-waxaa lagu daabacay DuPont 5082 ama DuPont 5064H qalin microflake qalin ah. Lakab kasta oo dielectric ah ayaa la soo saaraa iyadoo la adeegsanayo wareegga daabacaadda laba-baas (qoyan-qoyan) si loo hagaajiyo isku midka ah ee filimka. lakabyo badan oo isku mid ah ayaa la qalajiyey 70 ° C daqiiqadaha 2 inta u dhaxaysa daboolka. Ka dib markaad dalbato jaakad ugu dambeysa ee shay kasta, shaybaarka ayaa lagu dubay 140 ° C daqiiqado 10 si loo hubiyo qalajinta dhamaystiran. Shaqada toosinta tooska ah ee shaashadda Daabacaha waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu toosiyo lakabyada soo socda. Xidhiidhka bartamaha inductor waxaa lagu gaaraa iyada oo la gooyo dalool oo ku yaal suufka dhexe iyo daabacaadda stencil ee dhabarka substrate oo leh khad DuPont 5064H. 5064H stencil printing.Si loo muujiyo qaybaha daabacan iyo qaybaha SMT ee PCB dabacsan ee lagu muujiyay Jaantuska 7, qaybaha daabacan waxay ku xiran yihiin iyadoo la adeegsanayo Circuit Works CW2400 epoxy conductive, iyo qaybaha SMT waxay ku xiran yihiin alxan dhaqameed.
Lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) iyo graphite-ku salaysan electrodes ayaa loo isticmaalaa sida cathode iyo anode ee batteriga, siday u kala horreeyaan. The cathode slurry waa isku dar ah 80% LCO (MTI Corp.), 7.5% graphite (KS6, Timcal), 2.5 % kaarboon madow (Super P, Timcal) iyo 10% polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF, Kureha Corp.). Anodeku waa isku dhafka 84wt% graphite, 4wt% carbon black iyo 13wt% PVDF.N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone 0.0005 inch qaro weyn oo bir ah oo bir ah iyo bireed 10 μm ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa sidii ururiyaha hadda jira ee cathode iyo anode, siday u kala horreeyaan mm / s. Kuleyl korantada foornada 80 ° C ilaa 2 saacadood si aad uga saarto dareeraha. Dhererka korantada ka dib qalajinta waa qiyaastii 60 μm, oo ku salaysan miisaanka walxaha firfircoon, awoodda aragtidu waa 1.65 mAh. / cm2. Electrodes-ka ayaa la gooyay cabbirrada 1.3 × 1.3 cm2 waxaana lagu kululeeyay foornada faakuumka 140 ° C habeenkii, ka dibna waxaa lagu xiray bacaha laminateerka aluminium sanduuqa galoofyada nitrogen-buuxsan yahay. Xalka filimka saldhigga polypropylene leh anode iyo cathode iyo 1M LiPF6 ee ku jira EC/DEC (1:1) ayaa loo istcimaalay sidii batteriga korantada.
Green OLED wuxuu ka kooban yahay poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-n- (4-butylphenyl)-diphenylamine) (TFB) iyo poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7- (2,1,3-benzothiadiazole) 4, 8-diyl)) (F8BT) sida ku cad nidaamka lagu qeexay Lochner et al.
Isticmaal Dektak stylus profiler si aad u cabbirto dhumucda filimka.Filimka waxaa la gooyay si loo diyaariyo muunad iskutallaab ah si loo baaro iyada oo la baarayo mikroskoobyada elektaroonigga ah (SEM). filim oo xaqiiji cabbirka dhumucda. Daraasadda SEM waxaa lagu sameeyay koronto xawaareynaysa 20 keV iyo masaafada shaqada ee caadiga ah ee 10 mm.
Isticmaal multimeter-ka dhijitaalka ah si aad u cabbirto iska caabinta DC, danab iyo hadda. Cidhiidhiga AC ee inductors, capacitors iyo wareegyada waxaa lagu cabbiraa mitirka Agilent E4980 LCR ee wareegyada ka hooseeya 1 MHz iyo Agilent E5061A network analyzer waxaa loo isticmaalaa cabbiraadda soo noqnoqda ka sarreeya 500 kHz. Tektronix TDS 5034 oscilloscope si loo cabbiro qaab-dhismeedka korantada ee mawjada.
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